Cotton not only provides fiber to textile industry but its seed is used as an important source of edible oil. This facilitated the isolation of a dna 1 homologue from ayvv infected a. Among all cottoninfecting begomoviruses, clcumuv has the widest. Resistance of different cotton varieties to cotton leaf curl virus under field conditions 44 table 1.
Cotton leaf curl multan virus c4 protein suppresses both. The widely cultivated cotton species, gossypium hirsutum, is particularly sensitive to attack by this virus. Plants infected % days after planting variety 62 75 82 97 104 114 22819 9. Cotton leaf curl viral disease complex caused by cotton leaf curl virus complex begomovirus, geminiviridae. Dna satellites associated with cotton leaf curl disease in pakistan. Transmission efficiency of cotton leaf curl multan virus.
Cotton gossypium hirsutum is the most important cash crop having a great agroeconomic significance throughout the world. Plants can be stunted as a result of early infection figure 3. India, pakistan, and sri lanka face a huge economic loss due to the infection of cotton leaf curl virus narula et al. Aug 29, 2018 for example, cotton leaf curl multan virus clcumuv is an important monopartite begomovirus and infects many plant species including cotton and n. May 21, 2011 cotton, an important commercial crop, is extensively cultivated in pakistan. Review article an overview of cotton leaf curl virus disease. Pdf cotton leaf curl virus clcuv disease in pakistan. Among them cotton leaf curl virus is the most important, causing enormous losses to the crop khan and ahmad, 2005. Plant viruses diseases and symptoms linkedin slideshare. The disease is caused by monopartite begomoviruses, the most important of which at this time is cotton leaf curl burewala virus clcubuv, in association with a specific satellite.
Clcumuv is transmitted exclusively by bemisia tabaci cryptic species complex. The cotton leaf curl disease in the indian subcontinent. Among them cotton leaf curl virus clcuv is the most damaging disease, causing enormous losses khan and ahmad, 2005. Begomovirus, the causative agent of leaf curl disease in cotton plants gossypium hirsutum, is exclusively transmitted by whitefly species bemisia tabaci gennadius hemiptera. Pcr analysis with primer pairs specific for each of four already sequenced types of dnaa of cotton leaf curl virus clcuvpk types a, 26, 72b and 804a, or for okra yellow vein mosaic virus oyvmv, indicated that many individual naturally infected plants of cotton and other malvaceous species contained two or three begomovirus sequences. Detection and relationships of cotton leaf curl virus and. Severe form in september and november stunted and excessively branched leaves show downward rolling. To further understand these relationships, fecundity and life history parameters of bemisia tabaci gennadius were compared on 5, 20, 35 d post inoculated dpi, clcuv infected. Virusinfected plants are symptomless or exhibit very mild symptoms unless also infected with the dna. Tomato leaf curl virus after infection within 20 days disease losses up to 92. A unique virus complex causes ageratumyellow vein disease. Thick dark veins, leaf curling and enations are visible pcr with degenerate primers for whiteflytransmitted geminiviruses. Chinese medicine herbs could defeat devastating cotton virus.
The level of resistancesusceptibility to the clcuv disease was recorded during the first week of september. Here, we utilize the cas9 with dual grnas designed to target two essential regions of the singlestranded dna genome of the cotton leaf curl multan virus clcumuv which can cleavage the corresponding dna sequence and thus interrupt viral infection. Cotton leaf curl viral disease complex caused by cotton leaf. Cotton leaf curl viruses clcuv are a number of plant pathogenic virus species of the family geminiviridae in asia and africa the major disease of cotton is caused by the cotton leaf curl geminivirus clcuv. Cotton leaf curl virus clcuv is a group of whiteflytransmitted geminiviruses that cause extensive damage to cotton in india and pakistan. Nov 21, 2017 cotton leaf curl disease clcud, caused by cotton leaf curl viruses clcuvs, is among the most devastating diseases in cotton. Effect of cotton leaf curl virus infected plants on the. The main symptom of infection is, as the name suggests, curling of the leaves resulting in stunted growth and can reduce flowering, cotton boll formation and yield. Frontiers cotton leaf curl multan virusderived viral small. A unique virus complex causes ageratum yellow vein disease pnas. This virus was recently recorded in southern china, presumably an invasion from.
In this study, the level of phenolic compounds, total soluble proteins, and malondialdehyde mda and the activities of phenylalanine. Then whitefly transmission was used to obtain virusinfected. Cumulative mean of cotton leaf curl virus infected plants of different cotton varieties at multan, 1993. Cotton leaf curl virus need not to be afraid of youtube. Noticeable rugosity along with cupping of leaves on regrowth emerging from the base of mature virus infected cotton was also common in october and november figure 5. Squash has not been reported as susceptikne to cotton leaf cutlc enations and typical upward curl symptoms were not observed on cotton during this study cotton leaf crumple appears to be. For experiments with plants at 20 and 35 days postinoculation dpi, whiteflies preferentially. Cotton, an important commercial crop, is extensively cultivated in pakistan. Artificial micrornamediated resistance against the. Engineer complete resistance to cotton leaf curl multan virus. Mar 30, 2014 cotton leaf curl virus clcuv geminiviridae. It is infected by several pests and pathogens inducing different diseases. Cotton leaf curl multan virus clcumuv is a serious and economically important viral disease agent in cotton and ornamental plants like hibiscus in many regions of the world, especially in south asia.
Cotton leaf curl virus disease cotton diseases,virus. Cotton leaf curl disease clcud, caused by cotton leaf curl viruses clcuvs, is among the most devastating diseases in cotton. Cotton not only provides fiber to textile industry but its seed is used as an important. Interspecific crosses introduction cotton is infected by several insects, pests and pathogens inducing different diseases. These molecules have the capabilities to interact with the helper viruses infecting a number of plant species including cotton xie et al. Jun 01, 2008 cotton leaf curl virus clcuv is a group of whiteflytransmitted geminiviruses that cause extensive damage to cotton in india and pakistan. Cotton leaf curl disease, caused by singlestranded dna viruses of the genus begomovirus family geminiviridae, is a major constraint to cotton cultivation across pakistan and northwestern india. Pakistan cotton leaf curl virus was reported for the first time in. Cotton leaf curl disease clcud is one of the threatening constrains of cotton production in pakistan for which no adequate remedy is available until now. Pdf an overview of cotton leaf curl virus disease clcud a damage ca by cotton leaf curl virus. Prediction of cotton leaf curl virus disease and its. Engineer complete resistance to cotton leaf curl multan. Cotton leaf curl disease, a viral infection vectored by the whitefly bemisia tabaci gennadius, is a major threat to the cotton industry in india and pakistan.
Frontiers cotton leaf curl multan virusderived viral. Nigeria in 1912 pakistan is 5th biggest cotton producer country. Worldwide they are responsible for a considerable amount of economic damage to many important crops such as tomatoes, beans, squash, cassava and cotton. Present status of cotton leaf curl virus disease clcuvd. Five additional whiteflytransmitted geminiviruses were found among isolates from 11 other naturally infected species in pakistan, and were distinguished by their epitope profiles. Gossypium hirsutum important cash crop of pakistan. Basic research paper the autophagy pathway participates in resistance to tomato yellow leaf curl virus infection in white. Cotton leaf curl virus clcuv is one of the major limiting factors in cotton production systems worldwide. The genus begomovirus is a genus of viruses, in the family geminiviridae. Geminivirus particles in infected leaves were confirmed by transmission. The autophagy pathway participates in resistance to tomato.
This disease is caused by cotton leaf cur virus which is mainly acquired and transmitted by the vector whitefly bemisia tabaci. Among these diseases, cotton leaf curl virus disease clcuvd is one of the significant. Cotton leaf curl is a destructive disease of cotton and several other malvaceous plant species that is transmitted by b. The leaf curl virus a species of begomovirus, the largest genus of plant viruses poses a significant threat to the worlds cotton plantations, causing leaf. Prediction of cotton leaf curl virus disease and its management through resistant germplasm and bioproducts. Cotton leaf curl disease in resistant cotton is associated with a single begomovirus that lacks an intact transcrip tional activator protein. Diversity, mutation and recombination analysis of cotton leaf curl. Cotton leaf curl virus disease clcuvd limits cotton production in many cotton growing countries of the world, including pakistan. An overview of cotton leaf curl virus disease clcud a serious threat to cotton productivity amjad farooq 1, jehanzeb farooq, abid mahmood 1, amir shakeel 2, abdul rehman 3, asia batool 4, muhammad riaz 1, muhammad tasdiq hussain shahid 1 and saira mehboob 4. Transmission efficiency of cotton leaf curl multan virus by. Cotton leaf curl disease clcud is a major constraint to cotton production across pakistan and northwestern india.
Geminiviral diseases of cotton 127 cotton leaf curl disease a phylogenetic tree based on complete nucleotide sequences of all cotton begomoviruses is shown in figure 3. Cotton leaf curl disease clcud is a serious disease of cotton across africa and south asia rajagopalan et al. Cotton plants infected by cotton leaf curl virus clcud show a range of. Cai jh, xie k, lin l, qin bx, chen bs, meng jr, et al.
An overview of cotton leaf curl virus disease clcud a serious threat to cotton productivity amjad farooq 1, jehanzeb farooq, abid mahmood 1, amir shakeel 2. In some cotton varieties this can appear as cupshaped leaf like structures figure 2. The cotton leaf curl disease is most damaging when cotton plants become infected during the early growth stages, with losses occurring due to mid or late season infection are usually minimal. Cotton leaf curl multan virusderived viral small rnas can.
Severe epidemics of clcuv have occurred in pakistan in the past few years, with yield losses as high as 100% in fields where infection occurred early in. Multiple infection, recombination and genome relationships. Review article an overview of cotton leaf curl virus. Viruses mobilize plant immunity to deter nonvector insect. Icarda usda pakus cotton productivity enhancement programme. Cotton leaf curl disease has been reported from the indian subcontinent and africa affecting tetraploid cotton gossypium hirsutumand g. Pdf recovery plan cotton leaf curl disease ca by a cotton leaf curl virus alchetron the free social encyclopedia cotton geminiviruses. International journal of agriculture and biology 15. Begomoviruses have a complex association with their whitefly vector. Pdf cotton leaf curl virus disease a principle cause of. They are plant viruses that as a group have a very wide host range, infecting dicotyledonous plants. Dna 1 is related to nanovirus dna components that encode reps 11.
Recovery plan cotton leaf curl disease caused by a leaf curl. Cotton is grown around sixty countries of the world. Molecular characterization of cotton infecting begomovirus es and. It can replicate autonomously, but relies on dna a for coat. Isolates from yellow vein mosaicaffected okra were of two types oyvmv types 201 and 301, both distinct from but closely related to the virus isolates from cotton. Symptoms of cotton leaf curl virus on cotton sindh. Cotton leaf curl virus clcuv is one of the major biotic constraints of cotton production in pakistan. The transgenic plants expressing cas9 and dual grnas that target different regions of the. A yellow mosaic disease of soybean in northern india is caused by cotton leaf curl kokhran virus. The present epidemic of cotton leaf curl disease clcud originated in the punjab region near the city of multan and was first reported in 1985, although it was noted in this region as early as 1967. Leaf curl disease caused by cotton leaf curl burewala virus clcubuv has been recognized as serious threat to cotton in indian subcontinent. Clcumuv can cause leaf curl disease, a devastating disease of cotton when it is associated with a betasatellite dna.
While the widely cultivated cotton species gossypium hirsutum is. Results and discussion the data presented in table 2 shows that 93. Biochemical alterations in leaves of resistant and susceptible cotton genotypes infected systemically by cotton leaf curl burewala virus. The leaf curl disease of cotton crops is primarily. A parasite infected host may promote performance of associated insect vectors.
C1 protein induces autophagy by disrupting the interaction of autophagyrelated protein 3 with glyceraldehyde 3phosphate dehydrogenases asigul ismayila, meng yanga, yakupjan haxima, yunjing wanga, jinlin lia, lu hana, yan wanga, xiyin zhenga, xiang weia, ugrappa nagalakshmib, yiguo hongc, linda. Pk, was transmitted by whiteflies bemisia tabaci to seven plant species, including french bean, okra, tobacco and tomato, and caused vein thickening and leaf curl symptoms. Genetics and genomics of cotton leaf curl disease, its. A group of whitefly transmitted ssdna viruses with ssdna satellites, causing leaf curl disease of cotton, vegetables, and ornamentals contents july 28, 20 page executive summary and contributors 1 i. Growths extending from the leaf veins can also occur, typically found on the lower side of the leaf. A cotton leaf curl disease epidemic in the indian subcontinent was first reported in 1967 from multan, pakistan. Bemisia tabacci germ, the vector of cotton leaf curl virus and consequently to the infection by clcuv. Here, we show that begomovirus, the largest genus of plant viruses and transmitted exclusively by whitefly, reprogram plant immunity to promote the fitness of the vector and suppress performance of nonvector insects i. Leaf curl, yellow leaf curl hosts tomato, pepper, eggplant, okra, tobacco, beans, cotton, cucurbits, citrus, and other crops as secondary hosts affected plant stages seedling and vegetative stages affected plant parts whole plant symptoms infected plant has stunted young leaves and shoots. Wang j, tang y, yang y, ma n, ling x, kan j, he z and zhang b 2016 cotton leaf curl multan virus derived viral small rnas can target cotton genes to promote viral infection. No generalization appears jus potato leaf roll virus, and the curling of leaves cotton leaf tified concerning the metabolic effects following infection with curl. Jun 06, 2000 subsequently, the nondna a sequences of recombinant def19 were shown to be homologous to a region of a unique viral dna, referred to as dna 1, which had been isolated from cotton leaf curl virus infected cotton. Cotton leaf curl disease clcud infected plants may show a range of symptoms depending on the severity of disease.
However, information about cottonclcubuv interaction is still limited. Recovery plan cotton leaf curl disease caused by a leaf. In all locations where the disease occurs early season infection of cotton has during some years resulted in a total loss of the crop. Isolates from leaf curl affected okra had virtually the same sequences as those from cotton. Leaves of infected cotton curl upward and bear leaf like enations on the underside along with vein thickening. Four dnaa variants among pakistani isolates of cotton leaf. A stock culture of cotton leaf curl virus from pakistan clcuv. First report of cotton leaf curl virus infecting cotton was from nigeria in 1912. Virus infected plants are symptomless or exhibit very mild symptoms unless also infected. Aphid feeding alone can cause leaf curling and cupping, and whitefly feeding can cause leaf. Among them, cotton leaf curl virus disease clcuvd is one of the significant factors responsible for yield reduction worldwide. In the past, efforts were made to combat this disease by. Exploration of cotton leaf curl virus resistance genes. This virus belongs to the family geminiviridae and genus begomovirus.
Cultivation of resistant cotton genotypes is the most effective method of reducing yield losses due to clcuv. Raj s k, khan m s, snehi s k, srivastava s, singh h b, 2006. The effect of cotton leaf curl burewala virus clcubuv on cotton growth, yield, photosynthetic gas exchange, chlorophyll fluorescence and chlorophyll contents was studied in susceptible cim496. Cotton is one of the most important crops of pakistan, accounting for over 60% of foreign exchange earnings. Clcud is caused by a pathogen complex of monopartite begomoviruses singlestranded dna viruses of the family geminiviridae that are transmitted by the whitefly bemisia tabaci and a specific dna betasatellite dna. The virus infection was not highly noticed at the early beginning of the epidemic, when perhaps it could have been possible to eradicate the disease. Nov 01, 2011 more than 15 young farmers of the district have been able to reap a good harvest from the american cotton crop which had been affected badly by a cotton leaf curl virus in early stages of.
Pakistan faces around 30% loss due to cotton leaf curl disease. Okra with yellow vein symptoms was also collected from nawabshah and sukker districts. Cotton leaf curl multan virus bc1 protein induces autophagy by disrupting the interaction of autophagyrelated protein 3 with glyceraldehyde3phosphate dehydrogenasesopen asigul ismayil,a meng yang,a yakupjan haxim,a yunjing wang,a jinlin li,a lu han,a yan wang,a xiyin zheng,a xiang wei,a ugrappa nagalakshmi,b yiguo hong,c linda hanleybowdoin,d and yule. Data was maintained as percentage of infected plants.
In some cotton varieties this can appear as cupshaped leaflike structures figure 2. Cotton leaf curl virus requires 30 minutes of feeding on infected plant to acquire the virus and a latent period of 24 hours and then 30 minutes of feeding on healthy plant to transmit the virus leading to unnoticeable changes at the initial stage to remarkable variations in growth patterns at later stages of cotton plant development. Clcuv transmission occurs in sriganganagar rajasthan, an area endemic with cotton leaf curl disease. Introgression of cotton leaf curl virusresistant genes from. To further understand these relationships, fecundity and life history parameters of bemisia tabaci gennadius were compared on 5, 20, 35 d post inoculated dpi, clcuv infected and. Screening of cotton mutants for the resistance against. Biochemical alterations in leaves of resistant and. Settling preference of the whitefly bemisia tabaci.
Pdf physiological response of cotton leaf curl burewala. Cotton leaf curl multan virus newly reported to be associated with cotton leaf curl disease in china. Resistance to cotton leaf curl virus clcuv in a mutant. Transcriptomics reveals multiple resistance mechanisms. Plants infected early in the season are stunted and yield is reduced drastically. The viruses in cotton, and in okra with leaf curl or yellow vein symptoms, were also detected by pcr with three pairs of clcuvpkspecific primers. It was readily detected in triple antibody sandwich elisa tas. Symptoms of cotton leaf curl disease affected in cotton leaf curl cotton leaf curl virus pests diseases cotton leaf curl virus. Sequences of isolates from cotton were of four types. For example, cotton leaf curl multan virus clcumuv is an important monopartite begomovirus and infects many plant species including cotton and n. Cotton leaf curl virus clcuv is the most devastating pathogen of cotton, which is responsible for causing huge economic yield losses especially in agricultural countries like pakistan, where cotton. Virus infected plants exhibit very mild symptoms or can appear symptomless unless infected with the dna. Settling preference of the whitefly bemisia tabaci hemiptera.
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